CA KAMAL GARG

Working capital management is a process  which is designed to ensure that and organization operates efficiently by monitoring & utilizing its current assets and current liabilities to the best effect. through efficient use of its resources. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE  OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IS TO ENABLE A COMPANY MAINTAINING SUFFICIENT CASH FLOWS IN ORDER TO MEET ITS DAY TO DAY OPERATING EXPENSES AND ITS SHORT TERM OBLIGATIONS. Working capital management can improve  cash flow management and  earnings quality  through efficient use of its resources.  Management of working capital includes:  Working Capital Management Cash (Treasury) Management Inventory  Management   Receivables  Management  and  Payables  Management Working Capital Management requires  monitoring a company's assets and liabilities  to maintain sufficient cash flow.  The strategy involves tracking three ratios:  Working capital ratio,  Collection ratio, and  Inventory ratio.

Question -  Whether the amounts paid by resident Indian end-users/distributors to non-resident computer software manufacturers/suppliers, as consideration for the resale/use of the computer software through EULAs/distribution agreements, is the payment of royalty for the use of copyright in the computer software, and that the same give rise to any income taxable in India, as a result of which the persons referred to in section 195 of the Income Tax Act are liable to deduct any TDS under section 195 of the Income Tax Act? Analysis: There cane be following 4 cases: Case 1 - Computer software is purchased directly by an end-user, resident in India, from a foreign, non-resident supplier or manufacture.  Case 2 - Resident Indian companies that act as distributors or resellers, by purchasing computer software from foreign, non-resident suppliers or manufacturers and then reselling the same to resident Indian end-users.  Case 3 - Distributor happen to be a foreign, non-resident vendor, who, a

The overall structure of the article follows a logical sequence: Part 1 introduces e-business and e-commerce and their relevance to businesses and consumers. It clarifies e-business terms and concepts such as online business, revenue and technology models by reviewing alternative applications through activities and case studies;  Part 2 approaches to developing e-business strategy and applications are reviewed for the organization as a whole, with an emphasis on buy-side e-commerce and sell-side e-commerce; and  Management of e-business implementation is described in Part 3 in which we examine practical management issues involved with creating and maintaining e-business solutions.  Within this overall structure, differences in how electronic com munications are used to support different business processes are considered separately.  This is achieved by distinguishing between how electronic communications are used, from buy side e-commerce aspects of supply chain management, to the mark